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<ul><li>role_name / （角色名称）
<ul><li>tasks/ （定义task,role的基本元素，至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含）</li> <li>files/  （存放由copy或script等模块调用的文件）</li> <li>vars/ （定义变量，至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含）</li> <li>templates/ （template模块会自动在此目录中寻找Jinja2模板文件）</li> <li>handlers/ （至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含）</li> <li>default/（设定默认变量时使用此目录中的main.yml文件）</li> <li>meta/（定义当前角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系,至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件，其它文件需在此文件中通过include进行包含）</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="应用实例"><a href="#应用实例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 应用实例</h2> <p>通过roles进行安装nginx，httpd，mysql，redis</p> <h3 id="创建roles目录以及文件夹"><a href="#创建roles目录以及文件夹" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建roles目录以及文件夹</h3> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># mkdir roles/{ngnix,httpd,mysql,redis}/tasks -pv</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># mkdir roles/httpd/{handlers,files}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># tree /opt/</span>
roles/
├── httpd
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   └── tasks
├── mysql
│   └── tasks
├── nginx
│   └── tasks
└── redis
    └── tasks
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><h3 id="实现nginx的role执行逻辑"><a href="#实现nginx的role执行逻辑" class="header-anchor">#</a> 实现nginx的role执行逻辑</h3> <p>安装之前先查看是否已经安装过了nginx，如果有则卸载</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ansible all -m shell -a 'yum -y remove nginx'</span>
<span class="token comment"># 查看用户和用户组是否已创建，创建则需要删除</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ansible all -m shell -a 'getent passwd nginx'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ansible all -m shell -a 'getent group nginx'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
<span class="token comment"># 如果存在则删除创建的账号</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ansible all -m shell -a 'userdel -r nginx'</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>在/opt/roles/nginx文件夹下创建tasks和templates文件夹</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 nginx<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># pwd</span>
/opt/roles/nginx
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 nginx<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ll</span>
总用量 <span class="token number">8</span>
drwxr-xr-x. <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> <span class="token number">5</span>月  <span class="token number">22</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:45 tasks
drwxr-xr-x. <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> <span class="token number">5</span>月  <span class="token number">22</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:55 templates
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建nginx用户组task"><a href="#创建nginx用户组task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建nginx用户组task</h4> <p>在/opt/roles/nginx/tasks下创建group.yml文件，用于创建用户组，只需要填写task的name和指令即可</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat group.yml </span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> create group
  <span class="token key atrule">group</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> name=nginx gid=80
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建nignx用户task"><a href="#创建nignx用户task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建nignx用户task</h4> <p>在/opt/roles/nginx/tasks下创建group.yml文件，用于创建用户，只需要填写task的name和指令即可
一般nginx的账户是系统账户，使用相同的uid以及gid，防止在不同的服务器创建user时使用不同的uid</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat user.yml </span>
- name: create user
  user: <span class="token assign-left variable">name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nginx <span class="token assign-left variable">uid</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">80</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">group</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nginx <span class="token assign-left variable">system</span><span class="token operator">=</span>yes <span class="token assign-left variable">shell</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/sbin/nologin
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建安装nginx的task"><a href="#创建安装nginx的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建安装nginx的task</h4> <p>在/opt/roles/nginx/tasks下创建yum.yml文件</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat yum.yml </span>
- name: <span class="token function">install</span> package
  yum: <span class="token assign-left variable">name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nginx
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建启动nginx的task"><a href="#创建启动nginx的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建启动nginx的task</h4> <p>在/opt/roles/nginx/tasks下创建start.yml文件</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat start.yml </span>
- name: start <span class="token function">service</span>
  service: <span class="token assign-left variable">name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nginx <span class="token assign-left variable">state</span><span class="token operator">=</span>started <span class="token assign-left variable">enabled</span><span class="token operator">=</span>yes
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>在/opt/roles/nginx/tasks下创建restart.yml文件，用于重启服务</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat restart.yml </span>
- name: start <span class="token function">service</span>
  service: <span class="token assign-left variable">name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nginx <span class="token assign-left variable">state</span><span class="token operator">=</span>restarted
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="添加nginx的templates文件"><a href="#添加nginx的templates文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 添加nginx的templates文件</h4> <p>拷贝nginx.conf文件作为j2文件到templates中</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 nginx<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># mv /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /opt/roles/nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>修改nginx.conf.j2文件</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 templates<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat nginx.conf.j2 </span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
user nginx<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
worker_processes <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> ansible_processor_vcpus+2  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
pid /run/nginx.pid<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment"># Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.</span>
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建调用nginx的template文件的task"><a href="#创建调用nginx的template文件的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建调用nginx的template文件的task</h4> <p>在/opt/roles/nginx/tasks下创建templ.yml文件</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat templ.yml </span>
- name: copy conf
  template: <span class="token assign-left variable">src</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nginx.conf.j2 <span class="token assign-left variable">dest</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建-task的main-yml文件"><a href="#创建-task的main-yml文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建 task的main.yml文件</h4> <p>用于组织task执行的顺序，创建/opt/roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml文件
使用<code>include</code> 关键字进行调用，书写顺序就是执行顺序</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat main.yml </span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> group.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> user.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> yum.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> templ.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> start.yml
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建playbook执行yml文件"><a href="#创建playbook执行yml文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建playbook执行yml文件</h4> <p>要求和roles文件同级目录下，创建/opt/nginx_role.yml文件</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>- hosts: app
  remote_user: root
  
  roles:
    - role: nginx
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h4 id="执行playbook"><a href="#执行playbook" class="header-anchor">#</a> 执行playbook</h4> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ansible-playbook nginx_role.yml</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>再次查看目录结构</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 opt<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># tree /opt/</span>
nginx_role.yml
roles/
├── httpd
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   └── tasks
├── mysql
│   └── tasks
├── nginx
│   ├── tasks
│   │   ├── group.yml
│   │   ├── main.yml
│   │   ├── restart.yml
│   │   ├── start.yml
│   │   ├── templ.yml
│   │   ├── user.yml
│   │   └── yum.yml
│   └── templates
│       └── nginx.conf.j2
└── redis
    └── tasks
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><h3 id="实现httpd的role执行逻辑"><a href="#实现httpd的role执行逻辑" class="header-anchor">#</a> 实现httpd的role执行逻辑</h3> <p>先检查之前是否安装过httpd，卸载与删除已有账号</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>ansible all -m shell -a <span class="token string">'yum -y remove httpd'</span>
<span class="token comment"># 删除对应的用户</span>
ansible all -m user -a <span class="token string">'name=apache state=absent'</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建user的task"><a href="#创建user的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建user的task</h4> <p>在httpd/tasks目录下创建user.yml</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> create user
  <span class="token key atrule">user</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> name=apache system=yes shell=/sbin/nologin
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建install的task"><a href="#创建install的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建install的task</h4> <p>在httpd/tasks目录下创建install.yml</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>- name: <span class="token function">install</span> httpd package
  yum: <span class="token assign-left variable">name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>httpd
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建copy-config-file的task"><a href="#创建copy-config-file的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建copy config file的task</h4> <p>先cp配置文件</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 httpd<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf files/</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>在httpd/tasks目录下创建config.yml</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> config file
  <span class="token key atrule">copy</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> src=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/ backup=yes
  <span class="token key atrule">notify</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> restart service httpd <span class="token comment"># 在handlers的main.yml中定义</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建copy-index的task"><a href="#创建copy-index的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建copy index的task</h4> <p>创建一个flies/index.html网页</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>h<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">1</span>&gt;</span> welcome to stt home <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>h<span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">1</span>&gt;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>创建配置文件tasks/index.yml</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> index.html
  <span class="token key atrule">copy</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> src=index.html dest=/var/www/html 
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建start-service的task"><a href="#创建start-service的task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建start service的task</h4> <p>在httpd/tasks目录下创建service.yml</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>- name: start <span class="token function">service</span> 
  service: <span class="token assign-left variable">name</span><span class="token operator">=</span>httpd <span class="token assign-left variable">state</span><span class="token operator">=</span>started <span class="token assign-left variable">enabled</span><span class="token operator">=</span>yes
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建task的main-yml主控文件"><a href="#创建task的main-yml主控文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建task的main.yml主控文件</h4> <p>创建main.yml主控文件,调用以上单独的yml文件， main.yml定义了谁先执行谁后执行的顺序</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>- include: user.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: index.yml
- include: service.yml
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h4 id="创建handlers的main-yml文件"><a href="#创建handlers的main-yml文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建handlers的main.yml文件</h4> <p>创建handlers/main.yml，用于重启服务时，notify使用</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> restart service httpd
  <span class="token key atrule">service</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> name=httpd state=restarted
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>在handlers文件夹中必须有一个main.yml文件，其他yaml文件可以通过include进行引用</p> <h4 id="创建playbook执行yml文件-2"><a href="#创建playbook执行yml文件-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建playbook执行yml文件</h4> <p>创建httpd_role.yml</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>- hosts: app
  remote_user: root 

  roles:       <span class="token comment">#调用角色</span>
    - role: httpd
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>查看目录结构</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>httpd_role.yml
roles
├── httpd
    ├── files
    │   ├── httpd.conf
    │   └── index.html
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    └── tasks
        ├── config.yml
        ├── index.yml
        ├── install.yml
        ├── main.yml
        └── service.yml
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h4 id="执行playbook-2"><a href="#执行playbook-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 执行playbook</h4> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>ansible-playbook httpd_role.yml
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="同时调用多个role执行"><a href="#同时调用多个role执行" class="header-anchor">#</a> 同时调用多个role执行</h3> <p>编写multi_role.yml文件，执行httpd和nginx安装</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">hosts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> app
  <span class="token key atrule">remote_user</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> root 

  <span class="token key atrule">roles</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>       <span class="token comment">#调用角色</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> httpd
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> nginx
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h3 id="跨role调用task"><a href="#跨role调用task" class="header-anchor">#</a> 跨role调用task</h3> <p>如果一个role需要调用另一个role中的task，需要指定路径，如nginx的tasks/main.yml需要调用httpd的tasks/config.yml文件，</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@linux101 tasks<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat main.yml </span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> group.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> user.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> yum.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> templ.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> start.yml
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">include</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> roles/httpd/tasks/config.yml
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><h3 id="给role添加tag并执行"><a href="#给role添加tag并执行" class="header-anchor">#</a> 给role添加tag并执行</h3> <p>可以对不同的role设置不同的tag，然后执行，需要使用字典格式，编辑multi_role.yml</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">hosts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> app
  <span class="token key atrule">remote_user</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> root 

  <span class="token key atrule">roles</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>       <span class="token comment">#调用角色</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> httpd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">tags</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'web'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'httpd'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> nginx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">tags</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'web'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'nginx'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>执行playbook</p> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code>ansible-playbook -t web multi_role.yml
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="给role执行添加条件判断执行"><a href="#给role执行添加条件判断执行" class="header-anchor">#</a> 给role执行添加条件判断执行</h3> <p>只有在特定的条件下执行</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">hosts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> app
  <span class="token key atrule">remote_user</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> root 

  <span class="token key atrule">roles</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> httpd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">tags</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'web'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'httpd'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">when</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ansible_distribution_major_version == '7'<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> nginx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">tags</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'web'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'nginx'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h3 id="在role中使用变量"><a href="#在role中使用变量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 在role中使用变量</h3> <p>在roles目录下创建vars文件夹，并创建main.yml文件，定义变量</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token key atrule">username</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> app
<span class="token key atrule">groupname</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> app
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>可以在tasks内的yaml或者xx.j2模板文件中通过<code></code>调用</p> <p>示例：在playbook的main.yml文件中声明变量</p> <div class="language-yaml line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">hosts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> webservers
  <span class="token key atrule">roles</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> common <span class="token comment"># 普通调用，没有变量，可省略 role:</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token key atrule">role</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> foo_app_instance<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">dir</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'/web/htdocs/a.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token key atrule">port</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">8080</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># 传入变量调用</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated:</span> <span class="time">2022/05/22, 12:42:00</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/pages/fecbf2/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">with_items迭代</div></a> <a href="/pages/3854bb/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">附：jinja2语法</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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